3 начина да се справим при изкривяване по време на 3D принтиране(PLA, PETG, ABS)
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Изкривяване при 3D принтиране се получава когато даден елемент от обекта, който изграждате, започне да се извива. Това става в резултат на твърде големи разлики в температурата на отделните слоеве екструдирана пластмаса.
Тези разлики създават напрежение в модела. Когато то се натрупа, по-ниските слоеве започват да се плъзгат или повдигат, създавайки деформация.
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Защо възниква изкривяване?
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Нишките, използвани в FDM 3D принтирането, обикновено са термопласти. Тези материали могат да се стопят и да се охладят, без да загубят своите механични свойства.
По време на отпечатване, нишката се загрява до температура отвъд точката й на топене, така че да може да бъде екструдирана върху платформата за изграждане докато е в течна форма.
При нагряване, термопластиката се разширява. Когато материала изстине, се свива отново и се връща в твърдо състояние. Този процес е основната причина за възникване на изкривяване, тъй като по-студените слоеве издърпват по-горещите слоеве, докато те все още се свиват.
Ако това стане, докато по-горещите слоеве са под по-студените, 3D принтираният обект губи стабилността си върху платформата за изграждане и се извива. В най-лошия случай, това се получава когато голяма част от модела е вече принтиран, което разваля цялостния проект.
За жалост, поддържането на една и съща температура на всеки един слой от обекта е почти невъзможно. Това, което можем да направим, е да се опитаме да поддържаме температурата възможно най-равномерна. С други думи, да накараме модела да издържи на напрежението и да не се отделя от платформата.
В следващите редове разкриваме 3 метода за предотвратяване на изкривяване при 3D принтиране.
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1. Регулиране на температурата
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Температурата, както на нишката, така и на леглото и околния въздух, е може би най-важният фактор за предотвратяване на изкривяване. Ето как да поддържате оптимални температурни условия:
- Използвайте нагреваемо легло: Това помага за изравняване на температурата в модела, както и за сцеплението на леглото.
- Използвайте затворена камера за печат: Така се поддържа постоянна температура на околната среда през целия процес на принтиране.
- Контролирайте температурата в помещението: Дръжте прозорците и вратите затворени, за да предотвратите внезапното докосване на студен въздух до обекта, който изграждате.
- Регулирайте охлаждането: Изключването или понижаването на скоростта на охладителните вентилатори, насочени към 3D модела, поне за първите няколко слоя, може да помогне за изравняване на температурите достатъчно, за да го поддържа стабилен върху платформата.
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2. Използване на слепващи вещества.
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Подобряването на сцеплението на най-долния слой върху леглото за печат може да бъде достатъчно, за да предотврати повдигането на ъглите. Това обикновено става като покриете леглото с нещо лепкаво, преди да започне отпечатването.
Независимо какво лепило използвате, първо трябва да направите пробно отпечатване на малка част, за да се уверите, че няма да се залепи прекалено здраво, което би повредило и модела, и леглото.
Ето и някои опции за слепващи вещества, които могат да подобрят сцеплението:
- Лак за коса: Лакът помага да се установи добър захват за повечето видове нишки. Разбира се, можете да използвате специален лак за 3D принтиране, като 3D Лепило DimaFix Pen
- PVA лепило: Обикновено лепило за хартия е друга възможна опция. Достатъчен е тънък, равномерен слой, за да придържа модела ви към платформата, но разбира се е по-добре да използвате специално създадените за тази цел лепила за 3D принтиране.
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3. Промяна на настройките за рязане.
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Източник (fabacademy)
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Следващите настройки за рязане също могат да помогнат за предотвратяване на изкривяване:
- Печатайте по-бавно: Много често по-ниските скорости на принтиране могат да помогнат за решаването на най-упоритите проблеми, включително изкривяване и извиване. Не забравяйте да намалите съответно температурата на дюзата.
- Създайте допълнително пространство: Това може да бъде допълнителен периметър, или периферия. Периметърът е изместен от ръба на детайла, докато периферията се състои от един или няколко допълнителни слоя очертания, прикрепени към ръба на основата. Това дава на вашия модел по-широка долна област, подобрявайки сцеплението с повърхността за изграждане.
- Добавете подпора: Подпората минава под цялата основа на 3D модела, като я прави по-широка. Това отново създава по-добро сцепление върху платформата за изграждане.
- Добавете малки дискове под ъглите на модела: Можете също така да принтирате малки дискове под долните ъгли на модела, високи няколко слоя. Това би подобрило адхезията на леглото по ъглите. Поставете дисковете върху повърхността за изграждане, така че съвсем леко да докосват всеки ъгъл на модела. Тогава ще бъде лесно да ги премахнете, когато приключите работа.
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